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Mathematics is a fundamental part of the Montessori curriculum, and in the Children’s House (ages 3-6), it is introduced in a way that is both engaging and developmentally appropriate. Through hands-on experiences and carefully designed materials, children build a strong foundation in mathematical concepts, allowing them to develop a deep understanding and appreciation for numbers and their relationships.
Why start Math early?
Mathematics is everywhere in our daily lives. Children naturally encounter mathematical concepts as they explore their environment—whether it’s through counting steps, recognising patterns, or understanding time. In Montessori education, we recognise that young children are in a sensitive period for order, precision, and pattern recognition, making this an ideal time to introduce math in a structured and meaningful way.
Montessori approach to Math
Dr. Maria Montessori initially believed mathematics might be too abstract for young children. However, she observed that children were naturally drawn to mathematical concepts when presented concretely and in a sensory-based manner. This insight led her to design materials that allow children to explore math hands-on, fostering confidence and a love for numbers.
The Progression of Math in the Children’s House
Montessori math materials follow a precise sequence that moves from concrete experiences, where the child gets to see, feel and compare the material, to abstract understanding, where the material is less obvious and more work is done in mind and on paper. The curriculum is divided into six key areas:
- Numbers to 10 – Children first explore quantity using number rods and then associate quantity with symbols through sandpaper numerals and other activities. This establishes a foundational understanding of numbers and counting.
- The Decimal System – Using the Golden Bead Material, children gain an intuitive sense of place value and the concept of units, tens, hundreds, and thousands.
- Linear Counting and Skip Counting – This includes activities like the hundred and thousand chains, which prepare children for multiplication and further counting skills.
- Memorisation of Basic Math Facts – Once children have a solid understanding of numbers, they memorise addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division facts using engaging materials like the bead frame and finger charts.
- Passage to Abstraction – Children transition from using concrete materials to solving math problems mentally and on paper over time.
- Fractions– Introduced once children are comfortable with whole numbers, fraction materials provide a visual and tangible way to explore parts of a whole.
Role of the adult
A key part of Montessori education is the guidance provided by trained adults. Guides observe each child, ensuring they are introduced to new concepts at the right time. Parents can support their child’s mathematical development at home by incorporating math into everyday life—counting objects, measuring ingredients while cooking, or discussing time and money in practical contexts.
Conclusion
Mathematics in the Montessori Children’s House is more than just learning to count—it is a carefully structured journey that nurtures problem-solving skills, logical thinking, and a genuine enthusiasm for math. By providing children with concrete experiences and allowing them to progress at their own pace, Montessori math education lays the groundwork for a lifelong love of learning.
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